There are several ways to replace a missing tooth. Of these, an implant is the closest to a natural tooth, because it replaces not just the visible part but the root as well.
What exactly is an implant?
An implant is an artificial tooth root placed in the jawbone to support a prosthesis. The screw-shaped part that stays in the bone fuses with it over time. A connecting piece and the crown visible in the mouth are added on top. The result is a tooth that stands by itself, without support from its neighbours.
Who can have implants?
Most adults whose jaw growth is complete and whose general health allows a minor surgical procedure can have implants. There is no upper age limit; what matters is the amount of bone and general health.
An additional assessment is needed before treatment in these situations:
- Uncontrolled diabetes
- Heavy smoking
- Certain medications used for bone loss
- Radiotherapy to the head and neck
- Untreated gum disease
These do not always rule out an implant, but they change the planning. So at the examination you should describe your medical history and every medication you take in full.
Stages of treatment
- Examination and X-rayThe height and thickness of the bone are measured, and the number of implants and the type of prosthesis are planned.
- Placing the implantDone under local anaesthesia. For a single implant the procedure usually takes less than an hour.
- Fusion periodTime is allowed for the implant to integrate with the bone. This varies with the person and the site; it usually takes a few months.
- ProsthesisAn impression is taken, and a crown matching the colour and shape of your teeth is made and fitted on the implant.
Is there pain during or after the procedure?
The area is numbed, so there is no pain during the procedure; you only feel touch and vibration. For a few days afterwards there may be mild pain, swelling and sometimes bruising. Most patients get through this comfortably with the painkillers their dentist recommends and return to daily life within a day or two.
What determines how long an implant lasts?
An implant does not decay, but the gum and bone around it can become inflamed. This is called peri-implantitis and is the most common cause of implant loss. Preventing it is in your hands:
- Brush twice a day and clean around the implant with an interdental brush.
- Stop or cut down smoking.
- Come for a check-up every six months and keep up with your cleanings.
- If you clench or grind your teeth, tell your dentist; a night guard may be needed.
The difference between an implant, a bridge and a removable denture
With a bridge, the teeth on either side of the gap are reduced. A removable denture is taken in and out and takes time to get used to. With an implant the neighbouring teeth are left alone and the tooth stays fixed in place; in return it requires a surgical procedure and a waiting period. Which suits you depends on the condition of your mouth; you can also find the options on our dental prosthetics page.
Frequently asked questions
Is there an age limit for implants?
The lower limit is the completion of jaw growth, usually around 18. There is no upper limit. At an advanced age what matters is general health and whether there is enough bone.
Can the body reject an implant?
Implants are made of tissue-friendly materials and allergic reactions are very rare. Failure is usually not "rejection" but a lack of fusion caused by infection, insufficient bone, smoking or loading the implant too early.
Can an implant and tooth be done in one day?
In some suitable cases a temporary tooth can be fitted on the day the implant is placed. Whether this is possible depends on bone quality and how firmly the implant sits; your dentist decides during the procedure.
This article is for general information and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment. If you have a complaint, please see your dentist.