The gap left by a missing tooth affects more than appearance: neighbouring teeth tilt into the space, the opposing tooth over-erupts and the balance of chewing is upset. A prosthesis stops that chain of events.
What is a dental prosthesis?
Prosthetic dentistry replaces teeth and tooth tissue lost through decay, fracture, gum disease or other causes. Prostheses fall into two main groups: those fixed in the mouth and those the patient can take out.
Fixed prostheses
Crown
Covers and protects, like a cap, a tooth that has lost a lot of substance, has broken or has had root canal treatment. It can be made of porcelain fused to metal, zirconia or all-ceramic materials.
Bridge
The teeth on either side of the gap are reduced; crowns that fit over them and a body that fills the space are cemented in place as a single piece.
Implant-supported prostheses
Crowns and bridges made on implants. They do not require the neighbouring teeth to be reduced.
Removable prostheses
Complete denture
When no teeth remain in a jaw, a denture that rests on the palate and gums.
Partial denture
Fills the gaps when some teeth remain, taking support from them with clasps or precision attachments.
Implant-retained removable denture
Sits on a small number of implants with stud-like attachments. It noticeably improves the hold of loose complete dentures, especially in the lower jaw.
How is a prosthesis made?
- Examination and planningThe existing teeth, gums and bite are assessed and X-rays taken. The prosthesis options that suit you are explained.
- PreparationAny fillings, root canal and gum treatments needed are completed. For fixed prostheses the supporting teeth are reduced under local anaesthesia.
- ImpressionA model of your mouth is obtained with a conventional impression or digital scan. For fixed prostheses temporary teeth are fitted at this stage.
- Try-inThe fit, colour and bite of the prosthesis are tried in the mouth and any adjustments made.
- Fitting and check-upThe prosthesis is fitted and its use and care explained. If you feel a sore spot or a high point in the first few days, it is corrected at the check-up.
Caring for a prosthesis
- Brush fixed prostheses twice a day like your own teeth; clean under bridges with an interdental brush or bridge floss.
- Take removable dentures out and rinse them after every meal, and clean them with a denture brush once a day.
- Take your removable denture out at night and keep it in clean water; the tissues need to rest.
- If a denture breaks, cracks or becomes loose, do not try to fix it yourself.
- Come for a check-up every six months.
Frequently asked questions
Zirconia or porcelain: which should I choose?
Zirconia contains no metal, so it transmits light more like a natural tooth and does not cause a grey shadow at the gum line; this is why it is often chosen for front teeth. Porcelain fused to metal is a durable and widely used option. Which suits you depends on the position of the tooth and your bite.
Can a crowned tooth decay?
The crown itself does not decay, but the tooth can decay at the edge where the crown meets the gum. So brushing and cleaning between the teeth are essential for crowned teeth too.
How long does it take to get used to a denture?
Most people adapt within a few weeks. Speaking and eating may be a little difficult in the first days and saliva may increase. If you get a sore spot, come for a check-up without waiting.
How long do prostheses last?
It depends on the material, oral care and habits. With regular check-ups they can be used for many years; as the jawbone changes over time, removable dentures may need relining or replacing at intervals.
This page is for general information and is not a substitute for an examination. The right treatment for you is decided after your dentist's examination and any imaging needed.