Whether one tooth is missing or many, an implant closes the gap by imitating the root of the missing tooth, without touching the neighbouring teeth.
What is a dental implant?
Implants are artificial tooth roots placed in the jawbone to support prostheses. They replace missing teeth, are long-lasting and, with proper care, can be used for a lifetime. The fixed or removable prostheses built on these roots restore the patient's chewing function and appearance.
An implant treatment has three parts: the screw-shaped implant that stays inside the bone, the connecting piece (abutment) that joins implant and prosthesis, and the crown or prosthesis visible in the mouth.
Who is it suitable for?
Implants are placed in adults whose jaw and facial growth is complete and whose general health allows a minor surgical procedure. They are most often chosen:
- For a single missing tooth, to close the gap without reducing healthy neighbouring teeth
- For several missing teeth, when there is no tooth to support a bridge
- For patients with no teeth, to keep a denture firmly in place
- For patients who do not want, or cannot use, a removable denture
Uncontrolled diabetes, heavy smoking, certain bone medications and active gum disease can affect the success of treatment. That is why it matters to tell your dentist about all your medications and your medical history at the examination.
How does implant treatment progress?
- Examination and planningThe mouth is examined and X-rays are used to assess the height and thickness of the bone. How many implants are needed and what kind of prosthesis will go on top is planned at this stage.
- Placing the implantThe procedure is usually done under local anaesthesia. The implant is placed in a prepared site in the bone and the gum is closed. Placing a single implant generally takes a short time.
- Healing periodTime is allowed for the implant to fuse with the bone. This varies with the condition of the bone and the position of the implant; for most patients it takes a few months. A temporary prosthesis can be used during this period if needed.
- Making the prosthesisOnce fusion is complete an impression is taken, and a crown or prosthesis matching the colour and shape of your teeth is made and fitted on the implant.
- Check-upsCheck-ups, more frequent in the first year and every six months afterwards, monitor the health of the implant and the gum around it.
What should you look out for after the procedure?
- On the first day, applying cold to the outside of the cheek at intervals reduces swelling.
- Do not eat until the numbness wears off; choose lukewarm, soft foods for the first few days.
- For the first 24 hours avoid spitting, rinsing vigorously and using a straw.
- Smoking noticeably slows healing; stop if you can, or at least take a break during the healing period.
- Take the medication your dentist prescribes as directed and keep your check-up appointments.
Implants do not decay, but the gum around them can become inflamed. As with your natural teeth, brushing twice a day, cleaning between the teeth and regular check-ups are what determine how long an implant lasts.
Implant or bridge?
With a bridge, the teeth on either side of the gap are reduced and joined crowns are fitted over them. With an implant, the neighbouring teeth are left untouched and the missing tooth gets its own root. Which option is right depends on the condition of the neighbouring teeth, the amount of bone and your general health. For other options see our dental prosthetics page.
Frequently asked questions
Does it hurt to have an implant placed?
The procedure is done under local anaesthesia, so you feel no pain during it. Once the anaesthetic wears off there may be mild pain and swelling for a few days, which is controlled with the painkillers your dentist recommends.
How long does implant treatment take?
The implant is placed in a single session. Before the prosthesis is made, the implant needs to fuse with the bone; this varies from person to person and usually takes a few months. Your dentist will give you a clear timeline after the examination and X-ray.
How long does an implant last?
With good oral care and regular check-ups, implants can be used for many years, often for life. Smoking, uncontrolled diabetes and poor oral hygiene shorten that time.
Can I have an implant if I do not have enough bone?
When there is not enough bone, bone augmentation procedures can prepare a suitable base in some patients. Whether this is possible becomes clear after the X-ray assessment.
How soon after an extraction can an implant be placed?
In some cases an implant can be placed in the same session as the extraction; in others the area needs time to heal first. The decision depends on the bone and any infection at the extraction site.
This page is for general information and is not a substitute for an examination. The right treatment for you is decided after your dentist's examination and any imaging needed.