Gum recession is when the gum pulls back from the neck of the tooth towards the root, exposing the root surface. Because it progresses slowly, most people only notice when sensitivity begins.
Signs
- Teeth that look longer than before
- A yellowish, matt area appearing at the neck of the tooth
- Twinges with cold, heat and the touch of a brush
- A step at the neck of the tooth that you can feel with a fingernail
- Black triangular gaps between the teeth
What causes it?
Gum disease
The most important cause. Inflammation caused by plaque and tartar destroys the bone that holds the tooth; as the bone recedes, the gum follows. For details see our article on gum disease.
Hard and incorrect brushing
Brushing with a hard brush, with pressure and with horizontal strokes wears the gum away over the years. This kind of recession is usually more marked on the outer side of the teeth and on the side opposite the hand that holds the brush.
Thin gum tissue
In some people the gum and the bone beneath it are naturally thin and more prone to recession.
Other factors
- Clenching and grinding
- Crowded teeth or teeth that sit out of line
- Smoking and tobacco use
- Lip and tongue piercings
- Poorly fitting filling and crown edges pressing on the gum
Do receded gums grow back?
No, they do not return to their old position by themselves. But once the cause is removed, further recession can be stopped. That is why spotting it early matters.
Treatment options
- Finding the causeAt the examination the gum pockets are measured and your brushing habits and bite are assessed.
- Cleaning and gum treatmentIf there is inflammation, scaling and if necessary deep cleaning are carried out.
- Correcting the brushing techniqueA soft brush, light pressure and the right movement are demonstrated. For most mild recession this step is enough.
- Relieving sensitivityFluoride varnish or a desensitising agent is applied to the exposed root; if a notch has formed it is covered with a filling.
- Gum surgeryIn suitable cases the exposed root can be covered with tissue taken from the palate or a neighbouring area.
Which method is appropriate depends on the cause and the amount of recession. For information see our gum treatment page.
To stop it getting worse
- Use a soft brush; holding it like a pen reduces the pressure.
- Avoid highly abrasive whitening toothpastes.
- If you clench, wear a night guard.
- Stop smoking.
- Come for a check-up every six months; the amount of recession is measured and monitored.
Frequently asked questions
Does gum recession lead to tooth loss?
If the cause is gum disease and it is not treated, yes; as bone support is lost the teeth loosen and can be lost. Mild recession from brushing generally does not lead to tooth loss, but it raises the risk of sensitivity and root decay.
Can gum recession happen at a young age?
It can. Thin gum tissue, hard brushing, orthodontic problems and piercings can cause recession in young people.
Do electric toothbrushes make gums recede?
Not when used correctly. Models with a pressure sensor warn you when you press too hard and can be safer than manual brushing for people prone to recession.
This article is for general information and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment. If you have a complaint, please see your dentist.